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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder caused by the immaturity of the HMF and expressed by the syndromic triad: excessive mobility, impulsivity, and difficulty concentrating. Children with ADHD may also battle with low self-esteem, problematic relationships, and poor academic achievement. The diagnosis is made when the clinical picture meets the main diagnostic criteria using questionnaires and rating scales. The treatment is carried out in a complex manner, including drug therapy, psychotherapy, and psychophysiological methods.
ADHD is the most prevalent child behavioral disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, or a combination of these characteristics. It affects between 3 and 5% of school-aged children (Patel et al., 2021). ADHD incidence has risen drastically in recent years. Many neurotransmitters are generated metabolically from amino acids. According to analyses of plasma, amino acid levels in ADHD patients were lower than in controls (Patel et al., 2021). ADHD treatment necessitates a multimodal strategy. Stimulant medicines such as methylphenidate or amphetamine are commonly used in conventional therapy. The nutrients most typically identified deficient in children who responded to supplementation with quantifiable improvement were pyridoxine, folic acid, thiamin, niacin, and vitamin C.
While ADHD symptoms and impairment are commonly severe in infancy, they typically change as children age, resulting in frequent chronic problems in adulthood. The clinical presentation in maturity, like in infancy, includes the symptom triad of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (Weibel et al., 2020). However, there are some distinctions: hyperactivity is more frequently internalized, and anxiety symptoms or obsessive-like compensatory tactics may hide signs of inattention. ADHD is commonly diagnosed in childhood, although it is not uncommon for the diagnosis to be made later in life. Failure to recognize symptoms, leading to misdiagnosis, or well-developed compensatory variables might be two underlying causes of the extended delay in diagnosis.
In adults, further symptoms such as emotional dysregulation or executive function-related symptoms are common. Furthermore, ADHD is frequently linked with other mental problems in adults, making diagnosis even more challenging. According to a nationally representative survey, at least 4.4% of people in the United States have ADHD, although only 10.9% of those individuals get pharmaceutical or non-pharmacological therapy therapies (Camp et al., 2021). It is also estimated that 6.1 million children in the United States have ADHD, with up to 23% not receiving any medication or behavioral therapy (Camp et al., 2021). Individuals suffering from the illness bear an additional burden because of societal prejudice induced by a general lack of awareness of the ailment and its treatments. Breakthroughs in alternative treatment methods reflect an increased understanding of the conditions origin and progression.
There is minimal evidence that alternative medicine therapies can lessen ADHD symptoms. However, some of the methods are becoming more common than treating with medication. For instance, neurofeedback therapy is a medication-free approach that uses EEG and brain wave training (Camp et al., 2021). This strategy has been shown to have the best percentage of success among non-pharmaceutical methods for ADHD therapy and is believed to minimize the risk of children with ADHD having a substance disorder in adulthood.
Background
Provide background information. This should be one or two paragraphs long and have references. History of the problem? What led up to it?
Significance
What is the current information on the topic? Why is it worthy of being researched? Why is this information important to nursing practice? What might happen if the problem is not solved?
Problem Statement
The purpose of this paper is whether children with ADHD who are treated with medication are more likely to have substance disorders in adulthood than children who are treated with alternative methods.
Purpose Statement
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PICOT Question
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Academic papers should include a conclusion paragraph that briefly summarizes what was discussed in the paper. The conclusion does not introduce new information. The conclusion should restate the main idea or thesis statement of the manuscript, summarize the main points of the manuscript, and leave the reader with an interesting final impression. Include a short summary of paper thus far. This should include a few closing comments to tie all the information together. The current conclusion will be removed when added to Part 2, because at that point it will no longer be the end of the paper. There will be a new conclusion at the end of Part 2.
References
Camp, A., Pastrano, A., Gomez, V., Stephenson, K., Delatte, W., Perez, B., Syas, H., & Guiseppi-Elie, A. (2021). Understanding ADHD: Toward an innovative therapeutic intervention. Bioengineering, 8(5). Web.
Patel, D., Shah, M., Sharma, K., Tripathi, R., & Shah, J. (2021). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A recent review. European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(4), 233-240.
Weibel, S., Menard, O., Ionita, A., Boumendjel, M., Cabelguen, C., Kraemer, C., Micoulaud-Franchi, J.-A., Bioulac, S., Perroud, N., Sauvaget, A., Carton, L., Gachet, M., & Lopez, R. (2020). Practical considerations for the evaluation and management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults. LEncéphale, 46(1), 30-40. Web.
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