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Introduction
Tobacco appeared in our society several centuries ago. For a long time, nobody considered smoking as the thing that literally kills the person, it was more of a prestige to smoke. But with time people figured that smoking causes addiction and health problems, and just recently the antipropaganda of smoking has started.
The most popular types of tobacco
- Cigarette, rolling cigarettes, smoking pipes.
- Cigars, cigarillos, little cigars
- Dissolvable tobacco, smokeless tobacco (snus), snuff
- Electronic cigarette (nicotine delivery system)
- Hookah, shisha
Tobacco in America
Tobacco has been on earth for over 8,000 years, likely to begin in Central Mexico. Originally it was used by Native Americans for religious ceremonies and for health care. It was open only to Native Americans until Columbus came and introduced it to European folk. In the 15th century, tobacco was given to Columbus as a gift from Native Americans and he brought it with him back to Europe.
How tobacco has spread all around the world?
Firstly, the use of tobacco spread quickly among Spanish colonists, in the 16th century some of them observed that strong dependence was developing among their group and it was hard for them to give up. In the late 16th century, tobacco spread more or less all around Europe in countries like France, England, Portugal, and Spain. Not only its usage spread but the thought that tobacco is a cure for many illnesses.
In the 17th century first, big trade organizations specialized in tobacco appeared, the biggest was in Spain, and Seville literally supplied all of Europe.
But really soon many countries tried to restrict the use of tobacco to use it only for medical purposes, for example in Turkey you could be beheaded for smoking in public, in counties like Russia and Austria one could be fined or jailed, The Catholic Church even tried its hand at limiting the use of tobacco by proclaiming its everyday use to be sinful but eventually all these limits didn’t work out, people kept on using it in large amounts.
People saw the opportunity of becoming rich by selling tobacco so many colonies were used only for that purpose, tobacco was produced in terribly large amounts for example only Jamestown (an English colony) was producing over 25,000,000 pounds of tobacco per year for sale in Europe.
Antismoking propaganda
Firstly, scientific papers about the harm of smoking appeared in 17h century but obviously, it didn’t really make any impact on smoking society and nobody really took it seriously.
The anti-smoking propaganda actually started in the 20-21th century.
In many countries, tobacco products are strongly taxed which makes it really expensive to be a smoking person and encourages to do sports instead.
List of diseases that smoking can cause
- Lung cancer, over 10 other types of cancer, including Colon, Cervix, Liver, Stomach, and Pancreatic Cancer
Doctors assume that smoking damages the cells that line the lungs, resulting in lung cancer. Changes in lung tissue begin almost immediately after inhaling cigarette smoke, which is high in cancer-causing substances. Your body will be able to heal the damage at first, but it won’t be able to do so in the long run.
- COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
More than 7,000 chemicals are generated when a cigarette is burned, the majority of which are extremely harmful. Toxins in cigarette smoke weaken the lungs’ immune system, narrow airways, cause swelling in air tubes, and kill air sacs, all of which contribute to COPD.
- Heart Disease
The development of plaque in blood vessels is accelerated by smoking. Coronary Heart Disease develops when plaque narrows or clots block the arteries that provide blood to the heart muscle. Cigarette smoke contains chemicals that cause blood to thicken and clot within veins and arteries.
- Stroke
The carbon monoxide(which is produced when you smoke) reduces the amount of oxygen in your blood, as well as that your heart starts beating faster and your blood pressure goes up. All these factors might cause a stroke.
- Asthma
Smoke irritates the airways, causing them to swell, narrow, and fill with sticky mucus, much as during an asthma attack. As a result, smoking will increase the frequency of ‘attacks’. They also may be more serious and harder to handle, even with medication.
- Reproductive Effects in Women, Premature, Low Birthweight Babies
Smoking during pregnancy can harm the unborn baby’s tissue, particularly in the lungs and brain. Studies have also found a connection between smoking and miscarriage. Tobacco smoke contains carbon monoxide, which may prevent a growing baby from having enough oxygen. Tobacco smoke contains additional substances that are harmful to unborn children.
- Diabetes
Nonsmokers are 30 to 40% more likely than smokers to develop type 2 diabetes. Smoking can also make controlling the disease and maintaining insulin levels more difficult because high nicotine levels reduce the efficiency of insulin, requiring smokers to use more insulin to keep blood sugar levels in check.
Smoking as a social and psychological problem
- Smoking in an economical way causes costs to increase
- Social habits, for example, deprivation of senses, dullness, anxiety, stress, and smoking play a major role in causing all these things.
- Smoking causes stress, so it is bad for both types of people smoking and non-smoking
- There is a constant replacement of old smokers with smokers originating in the young generation. Smoking habits have the tendency to spread out of the smoking population over the non-smokers.
Comparison of attitudes towards smoking in different countries
Germany
Each state in Germany has its own smoking laws. About half of them have banned smoking in restaurants, pubs, cafes, and other public places. To satisfy everybody, special smoking places have been built in almost every state.
Russia
For a long time, Russia had been a smoking-friendly country with little control, but gradually The State Duma passed a law on the safety of the population from the negative effects of cigarette smoke and the effects of tobacco use.
Tobacco advertisements and promotion were prohibited, as well as smoking in offices, on airplanes, ships, and public transportation, as well as in schools, hospitals, social organizations, and government buildings. Smoking is now banned in restaurants and caf`s, and graphic warnings are required. Smokers may also be charged if they smoke within 15 meters of subway station exits, airports, children’s playgrounds, and parks, as well as areas and squares that attract a large number of people.
United States
The federal government proposed that states set a minimum age of 21 to buy tobacco products by 2020, which was amended in all states by that time.
The U.S. government banned smoking in workplaces, and restaurants, and bars, although only 50% of states have such bans.
China
Firstly, the Chinese Government banned smoking in hospitals, schools, libraries and stadiums, hotels, offices, and restaurants, but soon the laws were extended and smoking was banned in all public places and adding some outdoor areas. Those who violate the law will be fined $30 and, after three violations, will be ‘called and shamed’ on a government website.
Why people shouldn’t start smoking? How hard is it to quit?
When a person cigarettes, nicotine enters their brain and causes them to calm down. Their brain begins to seek nicotine after they quit smoking, and after a while, they feel moved to smoke once more. They are nervous and anxious if they do not smoke, making it difficult for them to quit.
Addiction is a mental or emotional attachment to a drug despite its negative effects.
Nicotine is a highly addictive component of tobacco. Most people become addicted to tobacco products by using them on a regular basis. Nicotine is a compound found naturally in tobacco that is believed to be as addictive as heroin.
The most likely group to become addicted is teenagers. Many surveys prove that most people who smoke started already when they were under the age of 18. The younger you are, the most likely you are to become nicotine addicted.
How to quit?
- Remind yourself about the benefits of being a non-smoking person, such as improvements in health, being able to run for longer distances, being not addicted to anything, having a better smell, and saving money.
- Nicotine replacement products such as prescription nicotine in a nasal spray or inhaler, nicotine patches, gum, and lozenges
- Avoid triggers, and don’t go to places where there are many smoking people
- Chew something instead of smoking, take gum or candy instead of the cigarette
- Never say ‘That is the last one If you quit, then you quit without any excuses
- Start a new activity, for example sport to keep yourself busy
- Surround yourself with people who have a healthy lifestyle and can support you
How to reduce the number of smoking people in the world?
- Secondhand smoke is deadly. When people smoke tobacco products like cigarettes, bidis, and water pipes, second-hand smoke fills enclosed spaces and affects other people.
- Health alerts with pictures are effective.
- Large pictorial or graphic health signs, including clear packaging, and strong messages can inspire smokers to protect the health of nonsmokers by not smoking in the home, improve compliance with smoke-free legislation, and encourage more people to quit smoking. Campaigns in the mass media will also help to curb cigarette demand by encouraging nonsmoker safety and persuading people to quit smoking.
- Ban tobacco advertising.
- Make taxes on tobacco much higher, so people would think it is too expensive to smoke.
- Illegal trade of tobacco products must be stopped, people who sell tobacco to children under age 18 must be fined or sentenced.
Sources :
- https:www.cancer.orghealthystay-away-from-tobacco why-people-start-using-tobacco.html
- https:en.Wikipedia.orgwikiList_of_smoking_bans
- https:en.Wikipedia.orgwikiList_of_smoking_bans_in_the_United_States
- https:www.fda.govtobacco-products health-information cigarette-smoking-risk-factor-type-2-diabetes
- https:www.cdc.govtobaccobasic_informationhealth_effectspregnancyindex.htm
- https:kidshealth.orgenteenssmoking-asthma.html
- https:www.stroke.org.uksitesdefaultfilessmoking_and_the_risk_of_stroke.pdf
- https:www.cdc.govtobaccodata_statisticssgr50th-anniversarypdfsfs_smoking_CVD_508.pdf
- https:www.lung.orglung-health-diseases lung-disease-lookupcopdwhat-causes-code
- https:www.mayoclinic.orgdiseases-conditions lung-cancer symptoms-causes-20374620
- https:worldpopulationreview.com country-rankings smoking-rates-by-country
- https:www.cancercouncil.com.aucancer-preventionsmokingarticlesa-brief-history-of-smoking
- https:www.mayoclinic.orghealthy-lifestyle quit-smoking in-depth nicotine-craving-20045454
- https:www.who.intnews-room fact-sheets detail tobacco
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