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Introduction: Diabetes Disease
Diabetes is a global pandemic whose effects cause immeasurable burden to the globe. Zhao et al. (2021) report that about ten percent of the worlds population suffers from diabetes currently. There exist several forms of this illness, including Type 1, Type 2, and Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) (Zhao et al., 2021). Other forms of diabetes occur due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA, Gestational Diabetes, and neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) (Zhao et al., 2021). Some types of diabetes are terminal, meaning that they never heal once they develop in humans. Research on the health condition already links it to specific genes in the human body, thus, proving it to have genetic connotations (Feng et al., 2018). Of importance to note regarding diabetes is the point that the condition exhibits both genetic and environmental factors that lead to its development or acceleration.
Major Signs and Symptoms of the Disorder
Several signs and symptoms imply diabetes infection among human beings. Examples of such signs include augmented thirst, extreme hunger, frequent urination, and unexplained loss of weight. Other diabetes symptoms include excessive fatigue, blurred vision, and ketone presence in urine (Green et al., 2018). However, a majority of these symptoms and signs are not exclusive to diabetes per se. Nonetheless, the findings of ketones in the urine directly confirm diabetes. Ketones availability in human waste implies the breakdown of fat and muscles in the body due to insulin unavailability (Green et al., 2018). Frequent screening of these chemicals and other related symptoms thus serves as clinical analysis for the condition.
Mode of Disease Inheritance
Suffering from diabetes of whatever kind implies at least two things. Stafeev et al. (2019) maintain that diabetes patients inherit a susceptibility to the syndrome from relatives, especially parents, before something in the environment activates the illness. The argument means that diabetes is an inherited condition and often does not affect families without a history of the same, especially Type 2 and gestational diabetes (Ampofo et al., 2019). Moreover, Stafeev et al. (2019) report that diabetes genetic strains pass from the parent to a child through the transfer of definite autoantibodies and proteins that rescind viruses or bacteria. Better still, Gooraninejad et al. (2020) point out that white parents with HLA-DR3 or HLA-DR4 genes exhibit about ninety percent chances of giving birth to pre-diabetic children. Therefore, the gene is responsible for diabetes prevalence among the white, as opposed to the other races.
Diabetes genes responsible for the conditions prevalence among Blacks and the other racial minorities in the U.S. are also unique. Gooraninejad et al. (2020) describe the HLA-DR7 and HLA-DR9 genes as inherited genes among African Americans and Japanese that put people at risk of diabetes conditions. Parents with escalated levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase enzymes also stand to inherit the same to children, making their risk of diabetes high, as per Yaribeygi et al. (2021). Gooraninejad et al. (2020) purport that having one parent exhibiting diabetic symptoms implies about a forty percent chance of inheriting the condition. According to Ampofo et al. (2019), someones risk of diabetes is about eighty percent if both parents suffer from the condition, while a first-degree relative with diabetes makes the chances about fifty percent. Such facts, thus, prove the involvement of genes in the conditions prevalence.
Treatment and Lifestyle Changes for the Disease
Diabetes does not have a permanent cure but has several management tactics depending on the type. Type 1 diabetes primarily affects young people and often lasts throughout an individuals lifetime. The condition is managed through insulin injection combined with oral medication and diet regulation (Yang et al., 2019). Moreover, Type 2 diabetes management mainly involves a change in lifestyle and taking oral blood-sugar control medication. Introducing physical exercise and regulated consumption of substances such as sugar, alcohol, and tobacco also helps manage Type 2 and other forms of diabetes. However, gestational diabetes often ceases after taking oral medication when a mother delivers. Nonetheless, the ailment exhibits almost one hundred percent recurrence chances during the mothers next expectancy period, thus, showing the conditions inability to cure fully.
Steps to Reduce Disease Occurrence on Children
The best way to prevent diabetes occurrence among ones offspring involves genetic screening. The process involves a clinical procedure that looks for the availability of genes known to increase the risk of the illness. However, such screening processes only help people understand their level of risk and, thus, adopt a new lifestyle to reduce the risk. Zhao et al. (2021) say that reducing diabetes risk for a mother minimizes the same to the children. That is because environmental factors such as eating poorly and leading an inactive life from a young age promote individuals risk of diabetes by about fifty percent (Yang et al., 2019). As such, a parent who changes these aspects in their family helps the family, together with children, minimize the risk of diabetes, particularly Type 2 diabetes.
Conclusion
In conclusion, diabetes is a terminal health condition with genetic connotations. Research shows the illness occurs due to both gene-related and environmental-associated factors. Hiving some genes makes people pre-diabetic, thus, increasing their chances of suffering from the illness sometime in their lives. People exhibiting Type 1 diabetes are often born with conditions that result when the bodys immune system attacks the beta protein in the pancreas, halting insulin production. Such people lead a drug-related life, where stopping the daily insulin injection causes death. The involvement of genes in diabetes prevalence implies the utilization of the same (genes) to understand the condition and develop possible interventions.
References
Ampofo, E., Nalbach, L., Menger, M. D., Montenarh, M., & Götz, C. (2019). Protein kinase ck2-a putative target for the therapy of diabetes mellitus? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(18). Web.
Feng, Y., Fang, Y., Wang, Y., & Hao, Y. (2018). Acupoint therapy on diabetes mellitus and its common chronic complications: A Review of its mechanisms. BioMed Research International, 19. Web.
Gooraninejad, S., Hoveizi, E., Hushmandi, K., Gooraninejad, S., & Tabatabaei, S. R. F. (2020). Small molecule differentiate PDX1-Expressing cells derived from human endometrial stem cells on PAN electrospun nanofibrous scaffold: Applications for the treatment of diabetes in rat. Molecular Neurobiology, 57(9), 39693978. Web.
Green, A. D., Vasu, S., & Flatt, P. R. (2018). Cellular models for beta-cell function and diabetes gene therapy. Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England), 222(3). Web.
Stafeev, Y. S., Menshikov, M. Y., & Parfyonova, Y. V. (2019). Gene therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus: State of art. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv, 91(2), 149152. Web.
Yang, D., Yang, Y., Li, Y., & Han, R. (2019). Physical exercise as therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus: from mechanism to orientation. Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism, 74(4), 313321. Web.
Yaribeygi, H., Atkin, S. L., Montecucco, F., Jamialahmadi, T., & Sahebkar, A. (2021). Renoprotective effects of incretin-based therapy in diabetes mellitus. BioMed Research International, 2021, 8163153. Web.
Zhao, R., Hui, A. L., Xu, Y., & Rabijewski, M. (2021). Nontraditional therapy of diabetes and its complications. Journal of Diabetes Research, 15. Web.
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